Neither Oedipus nor Hamlet was the direct cause of his troubles. :: essays research papers

Although you may never meet them, and although you may not tread the soil of Gods green earth at the same time, galore(postnominal) believe it to be a scientific fact every one of us has a twin. These people believe that in some way, we are every(prenominal) connected as twins. Upon presenting their theory, these individuals must have been confronted with hitches and hurdles. From chuckling and chortling to snickering and sneering, one can only imagine the response these scientists must have receivedUpon hearing the stories of Oedipus and Hamlet, our eighth accomplishment English class reacted much like the scientists audience. We began with a prince by the name of Hamlet. The quote, with great power, comes great responsibility comes to mind.As a scholar, Hamlet questioned and analyzed everything coiffe before him. It was no surprise that when presented with the murder of his father, Hamlet acted with extreme caution. He knew it was his duty to avenge his fathers murder, both as a prince, and as a son. In no way could he have prepared himself for such an arduous task. This is why I believe Hamlet was a dupe of his circumstance. Hamlet did not provoke the murderer of his father nor influence the course of events that spurred such shocking circumstances however, being analytical, his best quality, made it more surd to reach his goal.In the same way, Prince Oedipus is faced with an indubitable fate. From childhood, this young prince was cursed, but destiny never gave up. Again, having such fervent love for his father, Oedipus did the unthinkable- he gave up everything he had ever known to save the life of the man whom he thought to be his father. Once again, it was the protagonists best quality that made him vulnerable to his circumstances. Oedipus never sought-after(a) to mistreat, much less murder his father, but fate would have it no other way. Both of these protagonists have many difference and similarities. Their differences range from motive to the met hod, which they reacted to their circumstances.Oedipus doesnt kill to avenge anyone he kills well because some men were in his way? Whereas Hamlet kills to seek justice for an indiscretion committed against he and his family- the honor, which delineate his name. Hamlet fought for a father he knew a father whom he had shared new experiences and memories with. This was not a life Oedipus was familiar with, that is with his birth father.

King Lear: Lear The Tragic Hero Essay -- essays research papers

King Lear Lear The Tragic Hero     The definition of tragedy in the Oxford dictionary is, "drama ofelevated theme and diction and with unhappy goal sad event, serious accident, catastrophe." However, the application of this terminology in ShakespeareanTragedy is more expressive. Tragedy does not only mean death or calamity, solelyin fact, it refers to a series of steps which leads to the down illuminate of the tragical hero and eventually to his tragic death. Lear, the main character inKing Lear was affirmed as the tragic hero because the play meets all therequirements of a tragedy. In order for a character to be qualified as a tragichero, he moldiness be in a racy status on the social chain and the hero alsopossesses a tragic flaw which initiates the tragedy. The fall of the hero isnot felt by him alone but creates a chain reaction which affects everyonearound him. Besides, the hero must experience suffering and calamity slowlywhich would contrast his happier times. The suffering and calamityinstantaneously caused chaos in his life and eventually leads to his death.Finally, the sense of fear and pity to the tragic hero must take care in the playas well. This makes men scared of blindness to truths which prevents them fromknowing when fortune or something else would happen on them.     Lear, the king of England would be the tragic hero because he held thehighest position in the social chain at the very beginning of the play. Hissocial position gave him pride as he remarked himself as "Jupiter" and "Apollo".Lear out of pride and anger has banished Cordelia and Kent and divided hisKingdom in halves to Goneril and Regan. Lears hamartia which is hisobstinate pride and anger overrides his judgment, thus, prevents him to see the aline faces of people. As in serve One, although Cordelia said "nothing", shereally means everything she loves to his father. However, Lear only believedin the beaut iful words said by Regan and Goneril. Although Kent, his loyaladvisor begged Lear to see closer to the true faces of his daughters, he ignoredhim and became even more angry because Kent hurt Lears pride by disobeying hisorder to stay out of his and Cordelias way Lear had already warned him, "Thebow is bent-grass and drawn, make from the shaft." ( I, I, 145). Kent stilldisob... ...our horrible please..." ( Lear, III, ii, 15-20)Here, the feeling of fear appears aswell because in a short period of time, Lear wild from the position of King toa normal peasant. His weak, unconfident and mad mind overrules his strong,prideful and sane character. However, in looking deep down, the real fearimplied here is, no matter how great things appear now men do not hold themlong and you can sink to the very ass just as fast as Lear fell from the topof the chain to the lowest.     In Shakespeares tragic play King Lear, Lear the main characterdemonstrated all the nece ssary requirements of being a tragic hero. His highsocial status nourishes his hamartia which is hubris, and the tragedy isinitiated by the banishment of Kent and Cordelia. Lears pride not onlyaltered his live alone, instead, it affected everyone around him down to thebottom of the social chain. Moreover, the realization of his true quality,pains and sufferings eventually leads to his tragic death which the most obviouselement in a tragedy. Because Lear fulfills the "formula" of ShakespeareanTragedy, he could be firmly proven as tragic hero in the play.

An Explication of Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night :: Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

Introductory Paragraph Dylan Thomass villanelle Do Not Go Gentle into That ingenuous Night is addressed to his hoary dumbfound. The poem is remarkable in a number of ways, most notably in that contrary to most common poetical treat handsts of the inevitability of death, which argue for serenity or celebrate the peace that death provides, this poem influences resistance and rage in the face of death. It justifies that unusual attitude by describing the rage and resistance to death of four kinds of men, all of whom can summon up the image of a complete and satisfying life that is denied to them by death. runner body paragraph The first tercet of the intricately rhymed villanelle opens with an arresting line. The adjective gentle appears where we would expect the adverb gently. The strange diction suggests that gentle may puff both the going (i.e., gently dying) and the person (i.e., gentleman) who confronts death. Further, the speaker characterizes night, here clearly a figur e for death, as good. Yet in the next line, the speaker urge that the aged should violently resist death, characterized as the close of day and the dying of the light. In effect, the first three lines argue that however good death may be, the aged should refuse to die gently, should passionately rave and rage against death. The second body paragraph describes the second tercet. The third body paragraph the good men The fourth body paragraph the wild men The fifth body paragraph the grave men Concluding paragraph The speaker then calls upon his aged father to join these men raging against death. Only in this final stanza do we discover that the entire poem is addressed to the speakers father and that, despite the generalized statements about old age and the focus upon types of men, the poem is a personal lyric. The edge of death becomes a sad height, the summit of light and experience old age attains includes the sad knowledge of lifes failure to satisfy the vision we all pursue. The depth and complexity of the speakers sadness is startlingly given the second line when he calls upon his father to both curse nd bless him. These opposites richly suggest several link possibilities.

The Farm :: Descriptive Farms Essays Papers

The FarmFlat Rock Farm was a hardscrabble anachronism in the 1950s. The dirt roads of Kansas, in those days, were littered with quasi(prenominal) testimonies relics of another time, passed down by the pioneers who carved them from the prairie. That it survived at all was a testament to the resourcefulness and tenacity of those that had scratched a subsistence from it during the dust bowl and great depression. formerly the fulfillment of life-long dreams, farms like this one were being rendered obsolete by the emerging consumer society of post-war America. To the uninitiated in that respect was nothing unique or extraordinary somewhat this particular farm, except perhaps for the telltale signs of its certain obsolescence. The harness hanging from the tack room wall, the idle team of aging horses milling in the corral, the pose at the cistern pump and the absence of electric lines all betrayed the homesteads lack of modernization and its inevitable future. Like thousands of others , it would be bought out and combined with a larger, more than modern operation when death or bankruptcy hastened its demise. The passing of such a small and unremarkable homestead on the Kansas prairie would not be observe nor long remembered -- yet it is.To a small boy growing up in the inner city, there was no place more wondrous or exciting to visit than that small farmstead somewhere northeast of Emporia. It was a vibrant place, alive with the sights and sounds of nature and bustling with important work that mattered. Work whose protect and purpose was easily recognized by a child. Work connected to the land and animals in some grand collaboration with the universe. There were people there too who were glad when you came to visit. Patient people who cared, and who took the time to listen as wellspring as teach. People who understood the value of a small childs efforts to aid with the important work of the farm and encouraged those efforts. There always seemed to be a hummi ng in the background that permeated everything there. A current, perhaps, that ran through it all and kept the people, land, and animals in sync with some universal pattern. I couldnt actually hear it, but if I sat very still on the rocks by the well pump, on a warm spring afternoon, and closed my eyes, I could feel it. The warmth of the rock beneath me, the sun reaching out to touch my skin, the piece of cake on my cheek -- all were connected -- as I was, with the sounds of the insects and animals around me.

The City of Thessaloniki (Salonika) Essay example -- History Thessalon

The City of Thessaloniki (Salonika) Cultural, Political, and Religious History (315 BC- 1912)There was once a great city, a cosmopolitan center of commerce and culture. Its port welcomed immigrants fleeing bratwurst and want its dense, bustling streets presented a kaleidoscopic variety of native dress and hummed with the sound of the worlds languages.? Built on the twin pillars of tolerance and trade, the city was a pharos of pluralism and ethnic hatred. This great city is not New York but Salonika, the Pearl of the Mediterranean (1).Salonika, officially known today by the Greek name Thessaloniki, is a magnificent city with a rich heritage.? It was founded in 315 BC by King Cassander of Macedonia, who named this land Thessaloniki after his wife, Thessalonica, daughter of Phillip II and half-sister of Alexander the Great.? Story has it that Phillip current news of his daughter?s birth on the day he conquered Thessaly (2).? He named his daughter ?Thessaloniki?, meaning ?Victory in T hessaly? (3).Thessaloniki, the second largest city in Greece, is also one of oldest European cities.? Over time, Thessaloniki grew to become the industrial and artistic center of Macedonia and one of the few Greek cities to have constantly developed culturally. first History Roman EraDuring the Roman era, Thessaloniki was a free city and was considered the capital of Roman Macedonia and of the Southern Balkans (4).? In 130 BC the famous Via Egnatia, an grand Roman road that linked the East and the West, and the city?s harbor were constructed, both which contributed to the growth and prosperity of the city (5).? In 50 AD, Saint capital of Minnesota founded the second Christian church, to which he addressed two letters?Thessalonians, the... ...8302&destID=1678&p_id=28302&tn=attraction&search_type= 12. ?Frommers.com? Thessaloniki? Museum or Other Attraction? Church and Crypt of Ayios Demetrios.?? Frommers.com? 15 Dec, 2003.? Wiley Publishing, Inc.? <http//www.frommers.com/destinat ions/moreattract.cfm?a_id=28303&destID=1678&directory=thessaloniki&p_id=28303&tn=attraction&leftnav=1678022088 13. ?White brood of Thessaloniki.?? Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 15 Dec, 2003? <http//en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Tower_of_Thessaloniki14. ?Frommers.com? Thessaloniki? Museum or Other Attraction? The White Tower.?? Frommers.com? 15 Dec, 2003.? Wiley Publishing, Inc.? <http//www.frommers.com/destinations/moreattract15. ?Frommers.com? Overview of Thessaloniki.?? Frommers.com? 8 Jan 2004 Wiley Publishing, Inc.? <http//www.frommers.com/destinations/thessaloniki/1678010001.html

The City of Thessaloniki (Salonika) Essay example -- History Thessalon

The City of Thessaloniki (Salonika) Cultural, Political, and Religious History (315 BC- 1912)There was once a great city, a cosmopolitan center of art and culture. Its port welcomed immigrants fleeing terror and want its dense, bustling streets presented a kaleidoscopic variety of native dress and hummed with the sound of the worlds languages.? Built on the twin pillars of tolerance and trade, the city was a beacon of pluralism and ethnic hatred. This great city is not New York but Salonika, the Pearl of the Mediterranean (1).Salonika, officially known today by the Grecian name Thessaloniki, is a magnificent city with a rich heritage.? It was founded in 315 BC by King Cassander of Macedonia, who named this land Thessaloniki after his wife, Thessalonica, daughter of Phillip II and half-sister of black lovage the Great.? Story has it that Phillip received news of his daughter?s birth on the day he conquered Thessaly (2).? He named his daughter ?Thessaloniki?, meaning ?Victory in Th essaly? (3).Thessaloniki, the scrap largest city in Greece, is also one of oldest European cities.? Over time, Thessaloniki grew to become the industrial and artistic center of Macedonia and one of the few Greek cities to have ever developed culturally. Early History Roman EraDuring the Roman era, Thessaloniki was a free city and was considered the capital of Roman Macedonia and of the Southern Balkans (4).? In 130 BC the famous Via Egnatia, an important Roman road that linked the East and the West, and the city?s harbor were constructed, both which contributed to the growth and prosperity of the city (5).? In 50 AD, Saint Paul founded the second Christian church, to which he addressed two letters?Thessalonians, the... ...8302&destID=1678&p_id=28302&tn= lot&search_type= 12. ?Frommers.com? Thessaloniki? Museum or Other Attraction? Church and Crypt of Ayios Demetrios.?? Frommers.com? 15 Dec, 2003.? Wiley Publishing, Inc.? <http//www.frommers.com/destinations/moreattract.cfm?a_id= 28303&destID=1678&directory=thessaloniki&p_id=28303&tn=attraction&leftnav=1678022088 13. ?White Tower of Thessaloniki.?? Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 15 Dec, 2003? <http//en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Tower_of_Thessaloniki14. ?Frommers.com? Thessaloniki? Museum or Other Attraction? The White Tower.?? Frommers.com? 15 Dec, 2003.? Wiley Publishing, Inc.? <http//www.frommers.com/destinations/moreattract15. ?Frommers.com? Overview of Thessaloniki.?? Frommers.com? 8 Jan 2004 Wiley Publishing, Inc.? <http//www.frommers.com/destinations/thessaloniki/1678010001.html

Reflection of Tuesday with Morrie Essay

Through the movie and book, I asked myselfif I had ever been through what Morries had, could I stay in peace like him or teach others nearly life lesson? He, not wholly suffered from ALS, yet also lost dearest fuss then his younger brother had polio. If I were he, how will I deal with that unfortunes? I think Ill feel timid, negative, and have a gloomy personality. But, Morrie didnt. He later on became a successful professor and a good husband and father, who always gave his love to people generously. Sometimes I doubted. How can he take everything so easy? Doesnt he think god is unfair to him or why I am the one who deserve this? wherefore didnt he become angry or complained all the time?I finally got my answer when I realized that he didnt postulate that he did not care what hurt him. He accepted all the bad things, and also embraces the negative emotion . He experiences these feelings and said, Yes, it is sadness Or Yes, it is depression. and allow them go. I really envy ho w optimistic he was. Every time I had in great depression, I just didnt know what to do except take it or release by shouting or crying to my family and friends. I rarely think of any way out. Morries strongest entertain came from his strong faith in love. When Mitch was a college student, one day Morrie mentioned the tension of opposites. The old professor said, A tension of opposites, like a pull on a rubber band. And intimately of us live in the middle in the society. Sounds like a wrestling match, Mitch says. A wrestling match. He laughs, Yes, you could mark life that way. So which side wins, Mitch asks Morrie smiles at Mitch, the crinkled eyes, the crooked teeth. Love wins. Love always wins. Love, a word people nowadays hear all over thousands time everyday.In nowadays, instead of love, the world is still flooded by money, power, and fear. To those people, it is meaningless word. In order to solve this problem, Morrie has a great idea creating your protest culture, investi ng in people. He means finding your true meaning of life, dont just believe what the society tells you, and always care or so people you love. He is absolutely right People want to figure out what they are pursuing. In other words, life is an eternity course, but only some succeed. We might get lost in life, so we need somebody by our side, and it must be someone we trust or love. Sadly, most of time we took them for granted, we never think they might leave us some daysome die, or disappear, then we lose them with regrets. It is an awful repetition.Think about it, how many people who ever played important roles in your life? After watching the movie, I thought of some friends of mime, we had great time before, but I never heard any news of them after high school or college. World is like a big garden without sombreness and human beings are flowers there. If roots are not deep and strong enough, then the plants will gradually lose the grab of earth and float in the air. Most of flo wers have no determination to root in fertile soil, so they lost their directions and live without nourishment, withering soon. The soil is actually love, what Morrie never permit go of in his days. No wonder he was always in blossom. Though he passed away, he never disappeared. Just like his words, if people think him, then hell always by their sides. His body withered but his spirit transformed into the rich soil, spread his belief and love to us.

Disraeli’s second ministry Essay

Disraelis second minis feat deserves the title a great reforming ministry demonstrate how far you agree with this view in relation to Gladstone first Ministry.A great reforming ministry is a governing body which manages to radically alter the political and companionable scene, aiming to deal with the most pressing problems and creating a long term legacy whereby later ministries aim to protect and improve what has been achieved instead of trying to alter radically. This is why it becomes clear that Gladstone ministry and not Disraelis should be considered a great reforming ministry.The aims of both ministries were radically different. Gladstones aims for his ministry when he came into power in 1867 were to try and create a more efficient and meritocratic society which remove privileges and advocated individualistic self-reliance. This ideology of beliefs were formed due to Gladstone long held religious beliefs which pack him and in the liberal ideas of equality of opportunity, tolerance and individualism he saw the best system to try and create a society based on Christian morals.Through unwrap all his edict Gladstone aimed for the fair and just determination explaining his desire to try and pacify Ireland. This is in contrast to Disraelis aims as blooming Minister from 1874. Disraeli had managed to finally get the conservatives elected after being out(p) of power for over ten years, and he achieved this through radically modernising the button-down party which was represented in his Tamworth manifesto speech where he proclaimed the aims of the Conservative party were to protect institutions and traditions, streng hence the empire and alleviate the power of the people. tho Disraeli never had a clear agenda of reforms before he came into power instead his main aims were ensuring the continuation of power for the Conservative power, this meant Disraeli aimed not to disrupt his recognise support base of the middle and upper kind and focused on reduci ng taxes. Additionally although due to his promise of alleviating the condition of the people he was hale to create social canon to ensure minimal government intervention he aimed to make the transactions permissive weaken their impact and focussed on areas which were non- disputed and where flaccid reforms could be implemented. This contrast reflects the differing impacts the two ministries wanted to achieve.Gladstones ministries reforms had a substantial impact. The 1870 education act with the setting up of board schools to complement the actual structure of voluntary religious schools reflect Gladstones desire to try and create equality of opportunity and to encourage individual self-reliance. This reform became the genuinely foundations of the mixed school system which is present today, reflecting the long term impact this reform had. Additionally Gladstone introduced blusher reforms to remove privilege and create a more efficient government and army with the 1871 civil s ervice reforms which meant entry to the civil service could solely be achieved through examination and the army reforms that were carried out between 1870-1872 whereby the act of purchase was abolished and instead officer class could only be achieved through merit and amount of time privates would have to exceed in the army was reduced to encourage higher uptake.This reflects the impact Gladstone was trying to achieve he didnt shy away from attacking key sectors of power within society because he believed it was morally right and fair to remove privilege from the upper classes. This was particularity important for a working class which aimed to be free individuals who wanted the vote and an equal footing. Whilst Disraelis legislation although Important was hampered due to Disraelis desire to minimise the impact of reform and to only focus on non-controversial areas. The 1875 Artisans dwelling act is a clear example of weak legislation, the act meant that councils could compel owner s of slums to sell their property and allow the council to knock-down the slums and then sell the land to private building firms. However the legislation was permissive so the council didnt have to ensure slums were removed and it required councils to give honorarium to the landowners and so by the end of Disraelis term the act had only been used in 10 councils making its impact very mild.Whilst other acts such(prenominal) as the 1875 Agriculture holdings act show Disraeli is unable to make truly effective legislation because he wishes to protect the power base of the upper class. The act should of ensured that tenants that improve their land receive compensation but Disraeli made the act permissive and stated that if there was a condition in contract which stated the landowner didnt have to pay compensation then the landowner didnt have too. Due to this again the impact of the legislation was minor. Other legislation shows Disraelis opportunistic nature and aim to keep power such as the 1875 conspiracy and protection of property act which reformed a flip-flop of Gladstonian legislation which banned peaceful picketing this act allowed peaceful picketing which Disraeli hoped would give the Conservative support from the trade unions, to try and weaken the threat from the Liberal party.Even when Disraeli produced legislation which was aimed at alleviating the condition of the people such as the 1874 Factory Act which meant that by law women and children werent allowed to be made to work more than nightspot and half hours in a day but deliberately avoided the majority of the working population which was male and although the legislation had the impact of forcing factories to close earlier which effect male working hours as well it wasnt the intention. Overall examining the legislation shows the difference in impact the two different ministries legislation had with Gladstone make a huge impact whilst Disraelis showing only a very minor effect focusing on refi ning Gladstone prior legislation or reforming on very specific small issues to try and gain support.However both ministries were flawed though, for all Gladstone large and influential reforms he was voted out in 1874 and although Disraeli aimed not to lose any support he also was voted out in 1880. The reason why Gladstone was voted out were that his legislation was so capacious ranging it impact on nearly every sector of society and as such Gladstone also lost his wide spectrum of support. The upper classes disliking his aims of efficiency feeling that they were breaking the traditional power structure of society against their favour. The middle and working classes were effected by Gladstones controversial legislation which was highly unpopular at the time such as the Licensing Act of 1872 and the 1871 Criminal Amendment Act. Both of these act reflects sometimes Gladstone misjudgement on what was salutary for the people and how to create a fairer society.Also Gladstone failed in one of his key aims which was to pacify Ireland but he was the one of the few politicians who was truly trying to find a workable solution instead of coercion. Whilst Disraeli was voted out not because he had made a massive impact but because he was Prime Minister whilst the economy entered recession, this meant that his mild measure had even less impact and his expensive imperialistic aims were highly controversial. So due to the recession Disraeli failed to alleviate the condition of the people and his other aims meant his government appeared to stall resulting in his popularity dropping.Overall although his legislation was occasionally flawed the overall improvement and effect that Gladstones ministry had on the country reflect a great reforming ministry. Gladstones Liberal beliefs in meritocratic and individual society have become corner stones of British society reflecting the ministries long term impact and legislation such as the licensing act although unpopular at the time has only been amended never removed by later governments as they see the positive impacts of the restriction of alcohol. This reflected against Disraelis achievement of mildly modify Gladstones legislation and avoiding awkward decision domestically or trying to alter the status quo shows that his ministry cannot be considered a great reforming ministry. As such I disagree with the view that Disraelis government was a great reforming government instead arguing that it was his predecessor Gladstone that was clearly the great reforming ministry.

Internal And External Business Environment Of Bunzl Plc

Bunzl is one of the worlds fastest growing specialist distribution groups in international market. The groups specialized in providing one-stop-shop for customers within several business sectors. The business includes producing a range of product including outsourced food box, disposable supplies and cleaning and safety products, caterers, non-food sell, hotels, etc. Its operations spread crosswise North America, Europe and Australasia. indoors this paper, we will focus to a greater extent on the retail sector of Bunzls business environment.The whollyiance existed as far as 1854, as a haberdashery business founded by Moritz Bunzl in Slovakia, but it was not named Bunzl plc until 1940. The Bunzl family transmigrated to US and Europe and formed Tissue Paper Limited, the original name for Bunzl plc. During its early old age, the confederation enters various types of business some of them were successful and some other be failures. Going through several changes of direction, the company did not liberate its existence in local as well as international market.To twenty-four hours, the company is a focused international value added distribution and outsourcing group, with the addition of Filtrona, a supplier of fibre and plastic technology products to international niche markets, listed as a separate entity (History, 2006). Within this paper, I will perform an abbreviation on the internal and external business environment of Bunzl plc. The following chapter will e working classate how the company manages its internal conditions during its daily operations. The next chapter is about the external conditions of the retail sectors, and the challenges it brought to Bunzl plc.In the later part of the paper, there will be a short analysis on how best Bunzl perform its strategic management to face incorporate challenges. II. Internal Strategic Environment of Bunzl Plc II. 1 Bunzl Core Competencies Bunzl has formulated a range of corporate mission to guide its step s in daily operations. The company supported manufacturers who assist in satisfying customers demand for the benefit of all. It aims to provide services of such excellence that customers prefer Bunzl as their supplier regardless of the filth and product they select (About Bunzl Distribution, 2006).If all successful companies have their own values that describe their competitive advantages, for Bunzl, it is the effective and creative utilization of technology. The company has only a single and uniform hardwargon and software platform to operate its business. The main data center of the company resides at its Corporate furnish in St Louis. The facility includes UPS generator, dual A/C and redundant telecommunications. The company in like manner has a hot site disaster reco precise center where all transaction data are relayed to this site as a shelterion from natural disaster (Bunzl plc study Products and Services, 2006).The company has a real clock time software system consis t of recite processing, purchasing, receiving, billing, sales, warehousing, distribution and accounting modules. All locations of Bunzl operations are equipped with those software and all of them are connected to a centralized database repository, which is maintained by corporate IT staff. The company also maintains a National Accounting Customers system that provides customers from all over the country with standardized reports (including fulfil rates, sales tracking, item utilization, etc).In the retail sector, the company has an extensive sugarwork of distribution centers that serves retail supermarkets. Using the technology elaborated above, the company aims to maintain the quality of its services. Furthermore, it utilizes e-commerce facilities for online tell and EDI computer-based technologies to support its ongoing strategies to increase productivity, service quality and achieved their packaged of performance slogan. E-commerce technology is also used to continue explore brisk business opportunities.These new business opportunities might be pursued in the form of internal growth as well as acquisition of new business (Bunzl plc Major Products and Services, 2006). II. 2 Product and Market Management Bunzl retail segment grocery customers include small, regional and national supermarket chains as well as warehouse grocery stores. The retail segment provided Bunzls customers with disposable packaging, supplies and carryout items. The retail outsourcing segment has a fleet of over 370 trucks, operating through 83 locations in North America and serving all 50 states, plus Canada and Mexico (Bunzl plc- Business Description, 2006).The company is the leading distributor of disposable paper and plastic packaging supplies to the retail grocery industry. This includes the self-distributing chains and wholesalers. Bunzl is the company who is recognized for revolutionizing the outsourcing industry. The company revolutionized that industry by developing sophis ticated marketing, procurement and logistics systems designed to lower the delivered costs of supplies. Within this retail sector, Bunzl offers customers three types of logistics systems, which are ? Direct-Store-Door (DSD), which constitutes a direct delivery to customers stores and supermarkets? Warehouse Replenishment System, which describes a just-in-time delivery system to customers warehouses instead of to customers retail stores. ? Cross Docking, which describes a system that serves clients in accordance to their individual stores needs? It is a system of individualized store-ready deliveries. (Bunzl plc- Business Description, 2006) II. 3 Financial and Performance Management From the figures displayed in their fiscal report, the company displayed an increasing amount of sales and net profit during the last decade.This displayed a considerable growth of market share which is an important exponent of overall corporate performance. The profit margin and operational ratios also display positive indication. A more detailed data revealed that the company made ? 2,182 jillion from sales in the year 2000, while in the year 2005 the sales number went up to ? 2,916 million. Other sales numbers between the two periods indicated a stable increase of corporate performance. The operating profit account of 2000 displayed a number of ? 165 million, while in 2005, this number changes to ? 205 million.The number between the years also displayed a stable rate of increase. Other accounts from the income statement as well as the balance sheet indicated that the company manages their resources in a very presentable manner. II. 4 Human Resource and Culture Management In terms of human resource management, the company aims to provide employees with real jobs since the fist day of work. This means that the company will expect high quality of working performance, but not before all employees are provided with training that involves practical bugger off as well as formal progr ams.The company has high expectations on key personal skills such as teamwork, leadership, self-development, innovation and creativity. Maintaining these programs, Bunzl aims to ? Increase employees personal specialty by concentrating on the tried and tested techniques used by managers and specialist around the world. ? Improve employees financial understanding by providing them with programs that educated employees to interpret financial information and make decisive contribution to the key financial ratios of the business? Help employees to concentrate on team working and enablement, making each of them completed that enablement of individuals are crucial to a teams success, etc Graduates that joined with Bunzl stated that Bunzl has a carefully structured training scheme, which covers a wide range of areas and gives trainees scene to the whole organization. They stated that the company only take few graduates but tend to be encouraging in the process of developing their practic al as well as decisive skills. They also mentioned that the company values teamwork and equality in performing team tasks.III. External Business Environment of Bunzl Plc III. 1 large Environment (PEST Analysis) ? Political Politically, the company did not have many obstacles that harm growth. The company operates in foreign markets, but limited to the regions of North America, Europe and Australasia, in which, political business restrictions are borderline. Because Bunzl do not perform business activities in China or in other Asian economy, the business experiences minimum complications when it comes to government regulations, market entrance and tax.The company also has a reputation of providing employees with equal work treatment, this keeps all problems of race and nationality away forms Bunzl operations (Desloge, 2005). Furthermore, Bunzl plc is officially headquartered in London, who provided it with a slightly lighter burden of revenue. Nevertheless, because most of the gro ups operations are in countries with higher(prenominal) tax rate (US and European countries) the taxation charge recorded for Bunzl in its financial report could be higher that the UK base rate.For instance, in 2004 the recorder tax rate was 32%, which is slightly higher that the nominal UK rate of 30%. Another political obstacle is the approval of regulators in foreign country. This is because a countrys government where Bunzl interests in needs to protect local players. in that respectfore, politically, the objective of Bunzl to enter new market in a foreign countries might be delayed due to regulation to protect local players. ? Economic The retail segment is naturally a capital intensive business. Retail companies generally perform considerable borrowing actions which will be paid-off gradually by years of profit.In the case of Bunzl, the company has been on the business for decades and therefore, has already a low debt to capital ratio. In order words, the company no longer ha s to carry the heavy burden of interest rates. Nevertheless, the company performed numerous large acquisitions in its operational years that new borrowings are made occasionally. For example, the net interest charge for continuing operations increased to ? 10. 8 million from ? 2. 9 million because increased average borrowings due to recent acquisitions (Bunzl eyes more acquisitions. 2006).Environmentally, only a small portion of the increase in interest charge is caused by fluctuation of interest rates. The environments in which Bunzl performs its operations are relatively stable. The translation issue also has a weak influence over corporate profitability. Any fluctuation would not cause changes to more than 1% of sales number. According to Porter and Ketels (2003), within the last two decades, the UK economy had shown some excellent economic metrics. They also said that the awareness on the issues of competitiveness had also increased significantly.This situation had helped the c ountry to improve the countrys prosperity since there is an increase in the level of labor force utilization (hours worked per employee, concern rate, and labor force participation rate). In addition, they found that the country had experienced good growth in labor productivity while the countrys export market share and the attractiveness of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) were nonetheless stable. Despite the excellent performance in some economics metrics, Porter and Ketels (2003) pointed out that UK still lag many other innovational economies.They said while labor utilization is at high level, the country still face low labor productivity (Porter and Ketels, 2003). ? Socio-cultural Concerning the socio-cultural aspects, the company might consider following questions like, what are the attitudes toward foreign products. How strong are the environmental issues? Are they important to address especially if we are embarking on international markets? (PEST Analysis). Under such circu mstances, the customers and manufacturer/service providers, like Bunzl are closely related.It further influences the way Bunzl interacts with their suppliers in order to ensure the products tailored to fit their customers needs and faster delivery. In the socio-cultural aspect, the company does not deal with extreme differences of culture, as faced by other multinationals. On the other hand, the company faces a slightly more demanding corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Modern communities in the North America, Europe and Australasian region are more aware of the importance of a good CSR practice by multinationals.In the case of Bunzl plc, besides ensuring all-ethical operational processes, the company also performs various community investments. There is no apparent socio-cultural debacle in the corporate history. ? Technological The technological environment provided a tremendous chance for growth to Bunzl. The company lives within an advanced society where access to t echnology is practically limitless. The technology provided the company with the potential to increase the quality of its outsourcing services. For example, Bunzl can develop centralized procurement system, which employs computerized system as shown in the following figure

An Analysis of Robert Bresson’s a Man Escaped

Robert Bressons 1956 film A Man Escaped, is a film that is based on the true story of Andre Devigny, a member of the French Resistance who managed to break out of prison just hours before he was to be executed. In the opening sequence of the film the watcher is able to establish that the main character Fontaine, (Played by Francois Leterrier) has been escorted to prison. Fontaine notices that the men beside him are cuffed, sole(prenominal) he is not. He tries to get away when the car stops but is recaptured and beaten upon the head.From his actions, the lulu is able to recognize Fontaines intelligence and that he is insistent on making an get away. The title of the film is a forewarning to the viewer and that A Man Escaped, and that warning causes the viewer to question if the title alludes to Fontaine, or another prisoner. The drama is built upon that upfront information and it is heightened the further into the time the viewer gets, up until the final escape sequence. The sce ne for analysis takes place at approximately Twenty minutes into the duration of the film.The scene opens with a ordinary shot focused on Fontaine amidst his isolation. Fontaine looks up toward the ceiling with a facial expression that reads as saddened or lonesome, which slowly fades out, and fades back in, to a medium dour shot of the character crouching in a vulnerable position next to the door. A close shot of Fontaines face really shows his emotion, very saddened and dispirited of hope. It appears that Fontaine is analyzing the wooden door.From his remarks, the viewer can gather that the character has previous knowledge of wood and that dismantling the door is a surmisal in his plan to escape the prison. Bresson is persistent on the close-up of the potential escapists hands, feeling the wood, working with tools, etc. The character receives an iron spoon, an item that will aid him in mournful the panels in the door. Followed by another close-up of the main characters hands, sharpening his modernistic tool, which dissolves into the next medium shot of him standing in his prison cell.Fontaine is able to pry the panels of wood apart. Fontaine hides his new tool and moves toward the window in his cell, The camera pans up, following him, and the scene fades out. This is one of the most important scenes in the film, and really is the turning point for Fontaine because he acknowledges the possibility in getting through his prison cell door and acquires a tool that is capable of helping him dismantle the panels in the door. I think this gives him a small amount of hope and a goal to work towards.Bressons minimalist approach to the cinematography intensifies his use of non- diegetic sound in the film. Bresson uses sound beyond the image, to inform the viewer of actions going on around Fontaines prison cell. like footsteps outside the cell or noises made by other prisoners. ponderous is used to put emphasis on Fontaines actions, like the chiseling of the pane ls or the sharpening of the spoon. As with the images, dialogue is reduced to the essential. Fontaine does the narration in the film and he only indicates the most important details to the viewer.

The Dangers of Obedience to Authority: Writing and Reading Across the Cirriculum

As a child growing up, everyone was told respect your elders or listen and pursue. As children grow into teenagers, they start pushing the boundaries to see who they really need to obey. Throughout adulthood, though people have fewer and fewer authority figures as the years go by, everyone must obey someone. though we all have someone to obey, when does the reverent obedience cross the tilt into dangerous territory? Obedience becomes dangerous when it becomes physically or mentally harmful to ones self or guild.Physical abuse to ones self or another person is dangerous, period. What is even more frighten is when someone hurts themselves or others due to an authority figures direct influence on them. In the infamous psychologist, Stanley Milgrams, experiment, people were told to administer shock to a peer for not answering a question correctly. This experiment shows the dangers of obeying authority. Though the peers were acting, the subjects fully believed they were truly adminis tering shock to another human being.This shows that the line between respectful obedience to an authority figure and a dangerous subservience to a fear striking leader is go across when one person begins or attempts to scandalise ones self or another because of a fearful obligation placed upon them. Some may argue that police officers cross the line when they use excessive force on a perpetrator because they are hurting another person due to the description of their job by the local anaesthetic government. While this is a valid point, if an officer is forced to cause physical harm to someone, he or she has been provoked by the offender and are evidently doing their job.Mental or emotional abuse is generally not the first thing most people think of when they hear the word obedience. Though it is not lots spoken of, mental abuse occurs often when an authority figure abuses their power to break down the psychological barriers that one may have in ready to get the person to obey. This tactic was used in the Stanford Prison Experiment when the guards began calling the prisoners by their numbers instead of names and granted admission to the inner cell in order to maintain control over the prisoners. Because of the psychological games played by ome authority figures, the line between obedience and danger is crossed and can become harmful to a persons incredibly fragile mental health, causing them to have thoughts of suicide or murder. Some may argue that drumhead games are the safest and easiest way to keep structure and order when dealing with a person of lesser authority. However, psychological warfare, such as the mind games that were used in the Stanford Prison Experiment, can leave some of the worst scars on a person due to post traumatic melodic line disorder as well as depression which can lead to suicide.Obedience to society is not often thought of when dealing with this particular topic. The power of a majority is usually far underestimated. Just as shown in the article The Power of Situations with the line test, most people will override their own look to believe what they are told the majority believes or thinks. Society can be a very harmful entity when trying to influence the masses. This statement especially applies when dealing with teenagers. For example, when most teenagers are in a situation where they feel everyone else is doing something they know is wrong, they will usually go with the flow and follow what the crowd does.In a field of operation conducted by the D. A. R. E. group showed that, while people who try to pressure teens to smoke say everyone does it, in fact only 11% percent of teens actually smoke. Though teen smoking at all is not effectual, 11% is much better than everyone. Some may say that obedience to society is promoting conformity which is good for our justice system as well as the status quo. However, the idea that everyone must be the same, think the same, and have the same emotions is not only sad, except also nips creative thinking in the bud.Without creative thinkers, how would our world see in the dark? Conformity is alright to an extent, but when it impedes progress, it becomes a danger to society and future generations. While a due respect and obedience should be given to authority figures, obedience that becomes harmful, psychologically or physically, to oneself or society in general, crosses the line into the danger zone where it could harm an actual human being or the creative thoughts inside that person.

Emotion of the circumstance Essay

Often did my human nature turn with loathing from my occupation, whilst, still urged on by an eagerness which perpetually increased, I brought my work nuzzle to a conclusion. The opening of chapter 5, the climax of the story where the monster is brought to life, is a clear example of the use of the literary device of pathetic fallacy, where, in this case, the weather matches the feeling of the circumstance. There are also several more examples of this throughout the chapter. It was on a dreary nighttime of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils.. Morning, miserable and wet, at continuance dawned, although drenched by the rain which poured from a black and comfortless sky.. The moment of psychiatric hospital is the most detailed of all, and excites the endorser with the rich descriptive content. It also gives the reader a chance to compare their idea of what the monster looks equivalent (having been influenced by film versions, comic versions or other forms o f media) to how the monster is set out in the book. The explanation given by the book is as followsHis yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath his hair was of a lustrous black, and streamlined his teeth of a pearly whiteness but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed just about of the same gloss as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. In comparison to modern literature, there is a lot of description within this novel, the above quote is an example of this. To a modern audience, the fact that there is lots of detail makes the story seem slow moving, yet it provides a good build up right up until the end.Also, at Mary Shelleys time, when the book was published, reading was an engaging form of entertainment, so the vast start of detail would have been enjoyed and appreciated a lot more and would have enhanced the experience for readers of the ti me. The story is structured well throughout, and the narrative structure, in cross from the different characters (Captain Walton, Frankenstein, the monster), is unexpected and adds to the tension, as well as allowing the reader to see the story from all points of view, and to enable the reader to empathise with the monster in his positioning where he would otherwise be treated as the villain.Merely the fact that Frankenstein has been adapted many times into films, long detailed descriptive books, plays, radio, comic books, cartoons and the like is evidence that we, to daytime, are still interested in it. All of the things I have mentioned beforehand all work together to continue to draw battalion to the book. Interfering with nature One of the main lessons within the story itself is un interrogative sentenceedly to respect God as the supreme shaper- there are lots of examples in the text that warn against interfering with nature winner himself warns Captain Walton, a young ambit ious explorer who has set foot into the unknown (an area of the northbound pole, which, at that time had remained undiscovered) You may easily perceive, Captain Walton that I have suffered great and unparalleled misfortunes. You seek knowledge and wisdom, as I once did and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been when I reflect that you are prosecute the same course, exposing yourself to the same dangers which have rendered me what I am Also when telling his story to Capt. Walton he constantly reflects on what has happened, thinking about the consequences of his actions, and the consequences and implications that have resulted from his pickings science too far. Learn from me. at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to live greater than his nature will allow. Whilst telling his story to Ca pt.Walton, Victor talks of how his excitement and exhilaration at the prospect of reanimating the dead took over, and how he viewed himself as almost God-like A new species would bless me as its creator and source many happy and excellent natures would owe their existence to me. Shelley plays around with the idea that Victor is playing God in the title Frankenstein- A modern Prometheus, referring to the mythological Greek tale of Prometheus, son of Zeus, whose job it was to create life.Prometheus felt sorry for the primitive mortals on the earth, so he stole fire from Zeus to give to them. As a consequence he was punished by Zeus, who had him shackled to the side of a mountain. Each day, Prometheus would be tormented by Zeus eagle as it tore at his immortal flesh and tried to devour his liver. Each night the torn flesh would mend so the eagle could begin anew at the first touch of dawn. This myth relates to Frankenstein, although loosely, it carries the same warning that Frankens tein also carries if you meddle with the path of nature, bad things will happen to you.Whilst he is telling his story, Victor tells us that he had his doubts beforehand, however his ambition and thirst for knowledge quickly took over. .. I doubted at first whether I should attempt the creation of a being like myself but my imagination was too much exalted to permit me to doubt of my ability to give life to an animal as complex and as wonderful as man. In Chapter 4, Victor toys with the idea that he is a creator and ponders the idea that the monster should view him as his father, and he his son No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should merit theirs. Victor becomes excited at the prospect of this and it drives him on, yet he does not pause to think about the possibility that things will go horribly wrong, as we know they do later on in the story. Nevertheless, Victor prepares himself to reanimate his creation, but he panics when he has brought it to life, and, realising how repulsive it is, flees in terror, abandoning his creation, along with the idea that he could have had a meaningful father-son relationship with it. One could argue that the monster, despite having carried out the murders of Justine, William and Elizabeth later on in the story, is not at fault.Had Frankenstein accepted his creation from the very beginning, events might have been different, therefore, Frankenstein, although indirectly, is to blame for the evil deeds the monster has carried out. The monster does not come into the world as an evil being- it is full of warmth and kindness for mankind, yet is eventually turned against humans, who judge him by his appearance rather than his character. They taunt him, hurt him and reject him in the same way that Victor had. Therefore it is not surprising that, having been left alone, he acts on his instincts and reacts in the way he does.The main idea within the context of Frankenstein relates to modern day scienc e in many ways Science and technology are progressing at an astonishing rate. Many ethical and moral issues are frequently being brought up concerning these developments. The current controversy surrounding the cloning debate is one such example, as is the first successful face transplant that has recently interpreted place -this scientific reality is very similar to Dr. Frankensteins frightening discovery that Mary Shelly imagined 200 years ago.

Racial Patterns in Dating and Marrige

commit A. Shelby Shelby 1 Soc 290 Professor Doyle 5 November 2012 Racial patterns in Dating and Marriage Just four decades past On June 13, 1967, President Johnson nominated a then United states Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall to be the first African American named to U. S. Supreme Court. Although, a mere months earlier Thurgood suffered an indignity that today seems not honourable outrageous but almost incomprehensible. He and his wife had found their dream house in a Virginia suburb of Washington, D. C. but could not lawfully live together in that state he was discolor and she was East Asian. Fortunately for the Marshalls, in January 1967 the Supreme Court struck down the anti-interracial-marriage laws in Virginia and 18 some other states. And by the end of 1967 these laws were just leftover scraps from an extinct era. While this topic sits extremely turn up to home because, I myself, have married outdoors of my race. Together for 10 forms, and married for a year we hav e seen leaps and bounds in just the last decade of what has progressed with racial patterns in geological dating and marriage.Although generation have drastically changed in the past 4 decades from when Thurgood was dealing with his personal struggle, we still see a lot of work a head of use separating all racial and cultural stereotypes that surround dating and marriage. We can currently see that Interracial marriages in the U. S. Is still quite rare. Shelby 2 For example, data from the 5% sample of the 2000 Census reveal that among married African Americans, 94% are married to other African Americans (Census Bureau 2000). Members of other races I found are also unlikely to marry outside of their own group.

Food and Hunger Essay

The most pressing factor now limiting the capacity of the human race to support life is the supply of food. Mans need for food and his current feedingal requirements be all important for his survival. feed is defined as the science of food and its relationship to health. Some of these nutrients are considered to be natural while separates are considered to be non-essential. Essential and Non-essential Food Nutrients Essential nutrients are nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the human body and therefore must be derived from food sources.Essential nutrients include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids and whatsoever carbohydrates as a source of energy. Non-essential nutrients are nutrients which the body has the ability to synthesis from other compounds, as well as, from food sources. Nutrients are generally divided into 2 categories, macronutrients, and micronutrients. People are heterotrophs. A heterotroph is a creature that must ingest biomass to obtain its en ergy and sustainment. All heterotrophs have an absolute addiction on the biological products of autotrophs for their sustenancethey have no other source of nourishment.1. Macronutrients are fats, carbohydrates and proteins. All threesome can serve as source of the energy that we need to survive. These nutrients are generally needed in coarse quantities. Organic. 2. Micronutrients are the substances that an organism must have in its diet in small quantities because it cannot pay them for itself or because it cannot make them as fast as it needs them. The nutrients can be divided into vitamins which constitutive(a) compounds, and minerals which are inorganic. pic Malnutrition and Diet.About 20,000 people die of starvation everyday, and at least 10 million children in the world are so malnourished (poorly fed) that their lives are in danger. 1. Starvation means death from drop of food. Most people who are inadequately fed do not actually die because they shorten in too few cal ories to sustain life. 2. Some 45 compounds and elements found in foods are considered essential nutrients necessary for the life and health of human beings. 5. General Categories of Nutrients a. Carbohydrates is an organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen b.Proteins -are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids c. Lipids constitute a group of of course occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such(prenominal)(prenominal) as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. d. Vitamins is an organic compound required by an organism as a zippy nutrient in limited amounts e. Minerals are the chemical elements required by living organisms, other than the quaternion elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen present in common organic molecules. 3.Human nutritional diet can be met by eating some foods from each of the four groups dail y. 4 Food Group Categories a. Milk and dairy products are for calcium, proteins and other minerals. b. Meat, fish, poultry or egg for protein, fats and vitamins. (luxury food) c. Grain and starchy vegetables are for carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins. (staple food) d. Fruits and vegetables are for carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and some proteins. World Food Preference The traditional diet of various people in the world differs tremendously. vitamin E Africa berries, grains, vegetables, milk and blood from cattle.Polynesian coconut, fish bread fruit, taro, tropical fruits and occasional pork and poultry American and Europe bread, turkey and beef Filipino boiled rice, fish or meat with vegetable The administration of Hunger The problem of hunger is largely the problem of poverty The existing nutritional deficiencies results either from inadequate supplies of some or all these foods, or from poverty to ignorance. To comprehend nutritional problems, one must be aware of the problems of a. Agricultural growing and production b. Food distribution and pattern c.Agricultural economics d. cultural food preferences e. Public health situation Issues in Nutrition Nutrition is the substrate upon which growth and development feed. It is the basic precondition for the maintenance of good health because of its role in the fight against diseases. It remains to be fundamental issue in health. Quite apart from overt diseases due to or abetted by malnutrition, the unfathomed effects on physical and mental development in growing children and work capacity and writ of execution in adults give rise to corollary problems that are difficult to quantify.How, for example, does one measure a lost hazard due to mental retardation or decreased productivity in the workplace brought about by marginal or borderline nutritional status? The Current Estate of Nutrition in the Philippines Children in Focus 16th interior(a) Nutrition Survey Pedro MRA. Et. al Food and Nutrition R esearch land section of Science and Technology Conclusion and Implication of the plan?Under nutrition ( underweight, thinness, shortness and increase prevalence of anemia and VAD) affects a significant of Filipino children the rate of prevalence of undernutrition to children needs to be accelerated. ? scant(p) infant and novel child feeding practices including Low prevalence and short duration of exclusive breastfeeding decrease consumption of milk and products ? Usual food intake of young child beyond breastfeeding is inadequate in energy, iron, calcium and vitamin A particularly after 12 months of age when milked intake has by then decreased and intake of other food is not sufficient.? The only day per capita of Filipino household in 2003 was inferior for the most of the nutrients (iron, calcium, vitamin A, riboflavin a, vitamin C) in spite of the consumption of most food groups except fruits and vegetables, legumes and eggs. ? Under nutrition of children are more prevalen t among households and mothers with experiences of food security, relation of poverty and nutrition Philippines Food and Nutrition schedule (PFNP) Provides the mandate, political support, overall program design, manpower, strategies and mechanism. Department Of Health (DOH).Its part has embarked detailally targeted supplementary programs. Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) The institute continues to provide relevant technologies and scientific information on food and nutrition. subject field Nutrition Council (NNC) This is the countrys highest policy-making and coordinating body on nutrition. Nutrition entry of the Philippines, Inc. (NFP) This is a Philippine private, non-stock, non-profit organization enmeshed in up(p) the nutritional status of the Filipino community. MALACANANG M a n i l a PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 491 June 25, 1974.CREATING A NATIONAL fodder COUNCIL AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHEREAS, malnutrition is seriously affecting millions of our people WHEREAS, malnutrition retards mental and physical development of our children, weakens their resistance to infections resulting in superfluous loss of human lives through high infant and child mortality ratesWHEREAS, studies indicate that infants and young children, pregnant women and nursing mothers are most vulnerable to malnutrition WHEREAS, there is a multiplicity of political relation agencies engaged in various aspects of nutrition activities WHEREAS, there are various food programs in the country such as the Green Revolution, Masagana 99, Palayan ng Bayan, Masaganang Maisan and others which are aimed at providing for food sufficiency WHEREAS, there is a close down interlinking relationship between food, education and nutritionWHEREAS, Executive Order 285, series of 1971, vested in the National Food and Agriculture Council the responsibility to coordinate all nutrition programs in the country WHEREAS, coordination has proven to be of great value in integrating the food and nutrition efforts of the various agencies WHEREAS, one of the objectives of the New hostel is to bring about social, economic, and political see the lights to eventually improve the quality of life of every FilipinoWHEREAS, the nutrition program, being concerned with human resource development, is a vital and integral part of social reform and economic development NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution do hereby adopt, approve and make as part of the law of the land, the following fraction 1. Title. This decree shall be cognize as the Nutrition Act of the Philippines. Section 2. Declaration of Policy.The Government of the Philippines hereby declares that nutrition is now a priority of the government to be go throughed by all branches of the government in an integrated fashion. Section 3. Philippine Food and Nutrition Program. An Integrated Four-Year Program involving the government and private secto r shall be drafted by the National Council is hereby created.The program shall be approved by the President to be implemented by all concerned. Section 4. Creation of a National Nutrition Council. There is hereby created an agency under the Office of the President, the National Nutrition Council, hereinafter referred to as the council, to be composed of the following officials The repository, Department of command and Culture The professorship-Coordinator, National Food and Agriculture Council The Secretary, Department of Health.The Chairman, National Science Development Board The Secretary, Department of Social Welfare The Secretary, Department of Local Government and Community Development The Chairman of the Nutrition Foundation of the Philippines President, Philippine Medical Association One other representative of the private sector to be positive by the President of the Philippines. In the event that any cabinet member cannot attend Council meetings, he shall be represented by an Undersecretary or Assistant Secretary. Section 5. Functions and Powers.The Council shall have the following functions and powers (a) To formulate an integrated home(a) program on nutrition. (b) To supervise, coordinate and evaluate the implementation of the integrated Philippine Food and Nutrition Program to be implemented by all agencies and instrumentalities of both the government and the private sector concerned with improving the nutrition of our people. (c)To coordinate and integrate policies and programs of all agencies and instrumentalities of the government charged with the prosecution of existing law, policies, rules and regulations concerning nutrition. (d) To coordinate the thaw of public funds for nutrition purposes in accordance with the approved projects and programs.(e) To coordinate all requests for loans and grants by the government agencies involved in the nutrition program. (f) To call on any department, bureau, office, agency and other instrumentalities of the government for hang in the form of military force, facilities and resources as the need arises. Section 6. Officers of the Council. The Chairman-Coordinator of the National Food and Agriculture Council shall be the Chairman of the Council.He shall maintain a close link of the nutrition program with the food programs of the government. In his absence, the Secretary of Health shall be the Acting Chairman. An Executive Director shall be ordained by the Council. He shall implement the policies, programs, projects and decisions of the Council.One or more Deputy Executive Directors may be appointed by the Council and shall assist the Executive Director in the performance of his duties or take charge of special project charge by the Executive Director. A Management Committee shall be formed, the members of which shall be a representative appointed by each of the members of the Council, which representatives should be the head of the nutrition unit or project of his office.The E xecutive Director, or in his absence, a Deputy Executive Directors, shall be Chairman of the Management Committee. This Committee shall perform such functions as may be assigned to it by this Council. The Council shall hire such other personnel as may be necessary for the performance of its basic functions.All positions, except the technical and professional stave and such other positions as the Council may declare to be highly technical, policy determining, or primarily confidential, shall be subject to Civil Service rules and regulations and the Wages and Position Classification Office Provided that, all personnel shall be entitled to the benefits and privileges normally accorded to government employees, such as retirement, GSIS Insurance, leave and similar mattersProvided further, that in the denomination and promotion or employees, merit and efficiency shall serve as basis, and no political test or qualification shall be prescribed and considered for such appointments and promo tions. Section 7. Nutrition Month.The month of July shall be designated as pabulum MONTH, for the purpose of creating greater awareness among our people on the importance of nutrition. Activities thereto shall be approved and incorporate by the Council. This Nutrition Month of July shall be in lieu of the previously declared Nutrition week in March. Section 8. Donations.The Council shall be authorized to received donations, grants, or gifts in whatever form and from whatever sources Provided that, said grants, gifts or donations shall be terms of the grant or donations and in such manner as a majority of the council may in its discretion determine. Section 9. Appropriations. For the first fiscal year, 1974-1975, P3. 4 million pesos shall be appropriated from NFAC funds already stipulated for nutrition programs.Provided that, the sum of ten million pesos is hereby appropriated as run funds of the National Nutrition Council starting fiscal year 1975-1976. Provided further, that s aid amount may be increased or deceased in the succeeding years by the Council in accordance with its monetary position. This appropriation shall be included in the Annual General Appropriation Act beginning in Fiscal Year 1975-1976. Section 10.All laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed and/or modify accordingly. Section 11. This Decree shall take effect immediately. Done in the City of Manila, this 25th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-four. Factors That Affect State Nutrition Food security.The most basic dissolvent to malnutrition that will assure adequate supply and universal access to food. Poverty & Rapid increase in Population The discrepancy was the population of increase for the same period coupled with the static expenditure on food by the average household. Education Lack of specific knowledge due to poor or deficient education may magnify an already existing state of poor nutrition. Preva lence of disease Who comes first? Disease or Malnutrition? However, it is established for some diseases, the effect of nutritional status is a major determinant of morbidity. Parasitic worm Diarrhea Malaria Geography insulate pockets of population may suffer from peculiarities of geography. delinquent to difficult access to these places, food supply may suffer from time to dip, which results in decrease in consumption. Most of these regions cannot also produce the quantity and variety of food needed for adequate nutrition. The only specific solution for malnutrition is the provision of more food to supply the deficient calorie and nutrient. Definition of Terms Legumes aliment crop Peculiarity ambiguous Malnutrition undernourishment Discrepancy difference Diet cut down deficiency shortage Collar (collary) line of job Workplace place of work Marginal/Borderline intermediate Mandate- authorization Embarked board Supplementary additional Prevalence occurrence Morbidity death rate Isolated lonely.Referenceshttp//www. nnc. gov. ph/about-nncmission http//www. chanrobles. com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno491. html. UQDU8lsW7Dc http//en. wikipilipinas. org/index. php? title=Food_and_Nutrition_Research_Institute http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nutrition_Foundation_of_the_Philippines,_Inc. http//www. questformuscle. com/articles/nutrition01. asp http//www. ndap. org. ph/food-pyramids University of Perpetual Help System- GMA CAMPUS Brgy. San Gabriel, GMA, Cavite COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION environmental Science pic Written Report Submitted bySubmitted to Jose Mariano A. EpinoMr. Prony Adrales III AB PsychologyProfessor.

Lawn Care Case Essay

1) A) Currently Lawn cautiousness focuses on quality and innovation. Their product is said to be the best available with the highest quality grass bug and fertilizer in the world. They are too a very surface k directlyn troupe which is some other competitive advantage. They specialize in providing the best and quickly delivering the product to the customer demanding the product. B) The company perceives the quality of their products, and their bring delivery to be the order winner for the company. They provide what is expected, in terms of high quality reference and fertilizer, making this also an order qualifier. Another company, such as their competitor may share the generalisation they proved to be the order winner, in that it sets them apart from their competition.C) CBP2) A) Lawn Cares competitors current strategic bang is to provide a bundle package. Their competitive advantage is that they also install the product. They save the customer time, and give convenience f or the customer because they do not have to dominate and contact and plan with a leash party to have the work done. B) The competitor perceives the need for realised, fertilizer, and sod as the order qualifier, and the installation and spare yard work they provide as the order winner because it sets them apart from their competition, Lawn Care.3) If Lawn Care were to add the coating business to their existing business they would need to secure more employees. They would need employees who have experience in landscaping and are able to do the physical labor. This could take months to find and train the saucily employees. They would also need to purchase equipment such as lawn mowers, trucks, trailers, etc. toassist in the application side of the business. This would view using some of their assets to purchase and later on repair and manage upkeep, but they would achieve a gain in capital equipment assets. Lawn Care would also have to use additional resources to market their ne w service bundle. The addition of installation would not do the company any good if nobody knew they were now pass the service. It may be beneficial to the company if they contacted previous customers as well to tell them of the changes and see if they need any more work done. Changing advertisements and adding new advertisements and promotions would also take months, but would attain the company in the long run.4) Lawn Care would have to consider how the community and previous customers would react to the changes and whether they would find the change beneficial and take advantage of the new services offered. Stakeholders would be affected as well with the relocation of assets and the risks being taken by Lawn Care to add such a substantial instalment to their business. The changes and how they will effect stock in the company is an important economic sustainability factor for the company to consider. The company was accused of pollution and other damage application mistakes bef ore implementing this new service bundle.The company should consider environmental sustainability and because they would have more control of the application process than they did previously they will need to be more aware of how they are affecting the environment and what they lot do to prevent any prox claims against them. The company should also determine how they will market the product and how this will affect social sustainability. What can they do to make everyone aware of the products and gain back any customers they lost to their competition before offering the service? Lawn Care needs to consider how sustainable the service will be and make authorized that it will be a lasting effort before purchasing the new equipment and implementing new processes.

A Look into Beauty and Femininity

Watching men in films and television advertisements shaving their hairs in their head, armpits and other parts of the system appears to be quite a familiar scene. It does not, in either literal or figurative sense, stimulate the viewer such as the common individual to rise up in arms and kvetch against it as it may produce a yard for the person to condemn whatever it is that disgraces the society. It all devourms common to think that these manly instances aired in the mass media brings no air of gloom or any hint of an untoward attitude against them.Quite on the contrary, it seems appalling to view women indecently exposing their hairs and shaving them off desire men usually do especially in the broadcast media. Emotions tend to fl atomic number 18 up and torment these instances as if it was several(prenominal)thing new. Indeed, the societys perception of these cases is something relatively new. Much of these make up something to do with the way the society is setup passi m the agesthe patriarchal society has dictated the very definitions of what is acceptable from what is not in terms of gender preferences.To a veritable extent, it does surprise me to be able to watch women parading their hairs right in front of the camera and shaving, puff their excess hairwhichever way that suits themas if it was a mandatory ritual needed to proclaim onward the society how womanly they are with the way they trim their excess hairs. It is funny to think women behaving that way. But what is veritable(a) more hilarious is the fact that all these times I thought women were feminine and are evaluate to keep themselves clean and hairless, so to speak, then here comes a bunch of men doing what women are pass judgment to do.What do these pronounce us? These tell us that there is more than meets the eye. The feeling of being surprise indicates that someone experienced something quite bizarre, unusual, or even life-changing. At some point, much of these indicators wi ll tell us that women have become the laughing stock or, at least, the basin of the lowliest sensibilities of mankind. This is not to say that women are thus expected to be that way.Quite on the contrary, there is no reason to believe that women ought to be that way for the reason that gender should not exclude nor prevent one from freely exercising ones right to live ones life. isolated from the patriarchal setup the society has been placed into like a trap, the fainting presence of women in the past geezerhood have alluded to a grander and more indicting scenariowe have women cleaning themselves live in television advertisements and programs and we laugh at them, as if purifying ones self is a laughable mortal sin.This should not be the case. To my surprise, however, a certain level of intolerance permeates what has become the melting pot of gender rolesmass media. While mass media have broken ancient boundaries which isolate one man or woman from another, it has also widened t he breach mingled with what is reasonably acceptable from what is not. There can be no fitting word other than confusion, I think, which best befits the attitude of one towards women merely sanitizing and maintaining their feminine image. What could be so wrong with that?Arent we surprised to see men doing the same thing women are more expected to do? For social intolerance and patriarchys sake, some reasons do come cheap. I wouldnt be surprised anymore to see women doing the same thing these days. Id be surprised to see men cajoling themselves with scissors and wax in front of national television. It will be surprising, hilarious, and profane nonetheless. I have a feeling somewhere across the globe pot are being surprised with what they see in the broadcast media.Laughing, perhaps, upon seeing a woman cleaning herself, these people shallowly half-realize an empty joke that is never to be found in a world of refined and sheer equality. But women will be women, and so will men be of their kind. Inequality looms in a world surprised to see human nature become as it is. Reference Saltzberg, Elayne A. , and Joan C. Chrisler. kayo Is the Beast Psychological Effects of the Pursuit of the Perfect Female Body. Women A Feminist Perspective. Ed. Jo Freeman. Mountain View, CA Mayfield Publishing Company, 1995. 167-74.

Oliver Stone’s Alexander and it’s Accuracy in portraying Alexander the Great Essay

The 2004 flash Alexander, directed by Oliver Stone, depicts the behavior of Alexander the Great. This essay will discuss the accuracy of Oliver Stones artistic vision in this depiction of Alexanders action and achievements. The discussion will focus on Alexanders 7 year campaign, particularly its battles his relationship with otherwises, including his innerity within the withdraw and the legacy Alexander and his armies go forth on the world. Historically, in that respect are many omissions within Oliver Stones Alexander, all the same, the major(ip)ity of these are accounted for by means of Stones artistic vision.Many minor campaigns during the 7 year period were completely left-hand(a) out, and that two battles were shown finishedout the movie. Within these two battles, many major components of other battles were in whatsoever way conflated so as to equate to having experienced those battles as well, since if Stone were to entangle every battle, non unaccompanied wou ld the film be far longer than its current form, but it would also hand over essential a much larger budget. This absence of battles is the major inaccuracy in Stones Alexander.Whilst Stone only conveys two battles in the movie, history conveys that Alexander participated in a vast quantity of battles, pitched battles as well as sieges, throughout the 7 year march. Stone choice in depicting only these two battles of the many others was through his aim to convey the key points of Alexanders major campaigns in a condensed form as possible. Whilst the battles themselves were inaccurate, many of these inaccuracies were choices of Stones. The main inaccuracy for the the Battle of Gaugemela, the first battle visualized in Alexander, is the Iranian army itself.Alexander shows them as a disorganised rabble, when, historically, the Persians would have been exceedingly well organised. Members of the Persian army would have had uniforms, rather than the variable clothing they wore, and musi cians would play so that the army would march in rank. Conversely, many of the solutions before, during and after the battle were accurate. For example, before the battle, the night before in the tent where Alexander converses with his generals, he is urged to make a night attack and steal a victory Alexander, if we must fight, do so with stealth. Use your numbers well we should attack tonight when they least expect us. Alexander refuses.This communion is accurate in at least its meaning, as is recorded by Arrian It is said that Parmenio came to him in his tent, and urged him to make a night attack on the Persians but the reply which he made to him was that it would be mean to steal a victory (Arrian, Book 3, Section 10). The conversation is as such a recorded event, and though Stone changed dialogues, the meaning behind each is the same.The major inaccuracy in the Battle of Hydaspes, the turn battle, is that it takes place in a jungled terrain, fighting the people of India. In h istorical fact, the Battle of Hydaspes occurred on a open plain. Stone is said to have chosen the location of the battle to be in a forest as a contrast to the Battle of Gaugemela, which also occurred on a plain. Arrian records the battle to have taken place near the river Hydaspes, with Alexander making a secret crossing in the night, however Alexander makes no mention of the crossing, or even of the existence of the river.Arrian also mentions that the the forces from both armies were split, but the film shows no evidence of this. A second inaccuracy was the conflict between the leader of the Indian army and Alexander. harmonize to reports by Arrian, Alexander never confronted nor charged the king of the Indians as is shown in the film, but instead toughened him with dignity and honour, eventually giving him the rule over a large territory. Nor did Bucephalus die from the major outrage as shown in Alexander, but from old age and minor wounds he sustained throughout his life.The f ilm shows Alexander charging the king, and Buchephalus saving his masters life at the cost of his own. This was most likely through with(p) as a method to increase the dramatic effect of the scene, but also as a method of including another major battle in Alexanders timeline, the siege of Malli. Within the battles depicted in Alexander, Stone directed minor changes in the factuality of battle events. For example, he depicts Alexander beingness gravely wounded in the Battle of Hydaspes.This grave wounding of Alexander occurred later, at the siege of Malli. This event is combined into the Battle of Hydaspes to portray more of Alexanders history, and those knowledgeable of it could notice and appreciate this and other acknowledgements of history even though they arent accurate. Apart from the battles, thither were other events of history or caption in Alexanders life which are not represented. For example, the Gordian knot.This well know subtitle of Alexander slicing open the untie -able knot with his sword and its linked prophecy of ruling Asia is not included. This whitethorn be because the truth is not known of the event, whether Alexander cut it, pulled apart what it was tied to and then untie it or whether it existed at all, although there is evidence that it existed. Apart from these events not included or merely conflated there are portion of Alexander in which the way Alexander is depicted historically, or not as the shimmy may be.To the points where it was inaccurate, Alexander is scripted throughout his speeches to encourage his men in their campaign to stamp down the world. These scripts lead to him being given a purpose behind the campaign, that of a brotherhood of man. Historically, there is no evidence to this. Alexander was known to merely have conquered because he could, a brilliant commander traveling an endless path of conquest (Eugene N. Borza, Movie Commentary Alexander, page 4).The personality of Alexander is about completely unknown , and as historians we are unable to characterise what made him the charismatic leader capable of take his armies on his 7 year march. Another aspect of Alexanders personality was his relationships with individuals. The film shows uttermost(prenominal) relationships with his find and father, as well as childhood friend Hephaistion. Alexanders relationship with his develop and father both vary throughout the film, but focus mostly on pleasing his mother and either avenging or surpassing his father.During his early life, Alexander is shown very close to his mother, with her urging him on to pursue and whispering propaganda in his ear against his father, while Alexander is taught to be a leader through the actions of his father. subsequent on, he grows separate from both, however influenced by them tremendously. For example, when Philip dies, Alexander falls into a rage, even though he had fallen out recently with his father in a drink influenced conflict, and it embitters him ag ainst his mother, this bitterness continuing into the film.Further, in developing the relationship with Hephaistion, Stone also spends a lot of time enforcing the point that Alexander is bi-sexual, through the homoerotic subtext, though this was not limited to Hephaistion but incorporated others within the film. Whilst this may have been the case in history, as in Ancient Greece sexuality was merely a matter of course, and you were either sexual or you werent, without vastly distinguishing between the genders, Stone pushes the limits of this concept in order to outline a known part of Alexanders life.It is known that Alexander had at least two male physical relationships, and this may have pushed Stone into depicting the sexuality of Alexander, though in contrast to the homosexual relationships, Alexanders relationship with his first wife Roxanne was inaccurate and over-zealous. Roxanne, his first wife, is historically known as a employ wife and mother, rather than as the character displayed in Alexander (Eugene N. Borza, Movie Commentary Alexander, page 3).In all, Oliver Stones depiction of Alexander in his film Alexander has both accuracy and inaccuracy. The major inaccuracies was the events, or lack thereof, as Oliver Stone either chose not to or was not able to include them, whilst the main accuracies of the film were the inclusion of key points in Alexanders life and relationships. Alexander shows or so of Alexander and his armies impact on the world, and it is a well researched attempt at conveying the incredible life of Alexander the Great accurately.

British Petroleum and The Delay of Maintenance Case Analysis

British anoint, now known as simply BP, is a multinational oil and be adrift comp both that is headquartered in London, England. On March 23, 2005, a series of massive bursts devastated one and only(a) of the galacticst British Petroleum refineries located in Texas urban center. The blast rattled windows in downtown Galveston, 20 miles away and was even matte in Houston, 35 miles distant. Reports indicated that 15 people had been killed and well over 150 were injured, m both of those somberly burned.A BP congresswoman addressed the media by explaining how the detonation had occurred while an isomerization unit of the plant was cosmos brought back on stream to full production later having been shut down for annual inspection and repair (Hosmer, 49). As the families of those killed in the explosion mourned their spilles, BP pledged to a long and intensive investigation to determine the cause of the explosion (Hosmer, 49). These promises were turn get through short when a ccounts of previous business sectors at BP refineries began to limn themselves.Reports set slayed that a year ago from the day of the or so recent explosion, a blast occurred at the same processing unit of the Texas refinery. No cobblers lasts or injuries replyed, to a greater extentover a U. S Occupational Safety and health Administration (OSHA) investigation indicated violations of 14 standard operating(a) procedures. Furthermore, merely a hebdomad prior to the Texas City explosion, BP was report to have settled a large uprightnesssuit claiming that their political theatrical roley had failed to mightily find wide transshipment center tanks and improperly falsify the attention records of those real storage tanks.A far more condemning report in the September of 2005 found hundreds of safety violations colligate to a venting system at the isomerization unit, seen to non have been reckoning properly. As a result, the OSHA imposed a provisional period, in which, BP had to request permission from the agency to start up doddery isomerization units, report entirely accidents and injuries, and hire outside professionals to review tout ensemble refinery safety programs and procedures. BP began accepting wider responsibilities and int demolition to spend more than $1 billion on improving maintenance procedures.However, the federation began to lose its credibility as yet a nonher study revealed that the same isomerization tower that had leaked flammable bobblees to cause the subtle March 23 explosion, had leaked those same gases not once before, exactly 8 times (Hosmer, 59). Two fragment accounts of whistleblowing helped the OSHA conclude that BPs lack of maintenance and breakplaceer training was a result of their continual demands to annul fixed be, which of stemma, the senior officials of BP denied.Stakeh one-time(a)er Analysis In a grounds that involves such environmental goal, fines, fonts and more importantly, the prejudi ce of human life a wide variety of stakeholders ar touch. The first primary social stakeholder is of course the central company to the case itself- British Petroleum, consisting of either its officials and executive members. To commence, since BP is the party creation sued for the massive explosion at the Texas City refinery, it has a tremendous amount of stake in the case.BP sustaines a noble pursuit in this view, as it is their reputation and profits that evaporate with all of the proceeding lawsuits and investigations. In the same way, they possess high power because they have the full authority and financing to regularly maintain their production facilities and sufficiently train their staff. Referring to the typology of stakeholder attributes, it is light that BP has high power, high genuineness, high unavoidableness and a close proximity in this case.As mentioned earlier, BP attains a great deal of power because their closings argon the root cause of the bother. The fact that BP is the defendant in all its major lawsuits, and has so a good deal at stake gives it high authenticity. Not only that, but the situation for BP is rattling urgent as the majority of their facility is priced and ineffective to produce any profits for the company. BP definitely possesses close proximity to the case, with their facility and heed all situated at the explosion.All of these characteristics surface BP as a definitive stakeholder that eject be harmed through the bad publicity countless lawsuits, fines and investigations vituperate to multi-billion dollar refinery and loss of profits. The only possible make for BP in this pool of harms is that this explosion gives them an opportunity to build the refinery with new, safer technology that abides standard operating procedures. BP claims that the massive explosion is a result of highly complicated chemic processes and even places blame on its employees for operational mistakes.The political science ag ency OSHA thinks otherwise, and imposes their effective right to a probationary period on BP and its operations. BP thinks they ar in no wrong, but they be denied the right to appeal for a shorter probationary period as the delay of proper maintenance is confirmed as the cause of the destruction (csb. gov). touching on, another primary social stakeholder affected by the explosion of the Texas City BP refinery, is the employees and omnibuss of the facility itself. umpteen employees running(a) in the facility have lose their lives and suffered life-threatening injuries.For this reason, their interest in the situation is truly high as their health and well-being is placed in jeopardy. In addition, due to the explosion, these take a leakers are unable to exculpate struggle to support their families. These employees have very limited power because they have no guarantee over the decisions made by BP to properly maintain their facilities. Consequently, the employees and mana gers of the BP refinery have low power, high legitimacy, high urgency and a very close proximity to the case.To further explain, their measure of low power is the result of their federal agency on the BP ladder. They simply carry out the roves enforced by BP officials such as cutting cost by 25 percent (Hosmer, 53), without paying much attention to the consequences. They also possess high legitimacy with their life and loss of employment at stake. Their urgency is high as they are unable to earn wages and mustiness resort to external sources of income to provide for their loved ones. Also, those injured in the incident must seek medical attention very urgently.Lastly, the employees cl proterozoic have close proximity as they work and reside in the vicinity of the facility that has been damaged with the blast. This combination of attributes deems the managers and employees a dependent stakeholder, which is reliant on the BP officials to carry out their pass on. These members of t he case have virtually no benefit from the explosion. Due to the dangerous working conditions and BPs high expenditures on the explosion, they are harmed with a possible risk of injury or death and potential job loss.Prior to the accident, these stakeholders were denied the effectual right to an adequate training regime, which whitethorn have been a component part in the blast as stated in an interim report aftermathd by BP (Hosmer, 50). The workers of BP were also denied their legal right to a union, further addressing their lack of power and independency in the case. Finally, a third stakeholder affected by the massive blast of the BP refinery is the U. S Government, but more specifically, the federal agency OSHA (Occupation Safety and Health Administration).Unlike the others, this secondary social stakeholder has a public or special interest stake in the case that is more indirect. The OSHA has a tremendous amount of power and interest given that it is in their authority to construe BPs business practices align with the standard operating procedures and provide safe work environments for the citizens of their nation. This secondary stakeholder nookie also be classified as a definitive stakeholder due to its high power, high legitimacy, high urgency and close proximity to the case.To elaborate, the OSHA has issued lawsuits, fines, investigations and even a probationary period on the practices of BP and will embrace to do so until the proper production requirements are met, giving them tremendous power. They possess high legitimacy and high urgency as it is in their right to prevent any future incidents that could lead to the loss of human life and mass environmental damage, in the shortest possible time period. Clearly the U. S government, with all its branched locations, has close proximity to the accident and all key stakeholders involved in the case. Though the OSHA may benefit from showing affirmative involvement (i.e. investigation reports, fine s etc. ) in the eyes of the public, the incident may actually decrease other countries investing interests. As touched upon earlier, the government has exercised their legal right to issue fines, suspensions and in-depth investigations. Through this extensive process and help from the media, the OSHA has been able to recreate the a livid-living follow throughs of the BP Company to the publics eye, final that regular maintenance of the production facility would have been enough to prevent the immense explosion. Define the send off Moral Problem State the moral enigma in a complete question form.Is it respectablely permissible for the BP Company to ignore and delay the maintenance requirements of their Texas City refinery given that 1) the massive explosion ca employ 15 deaths and over 150 life-threatening injuries 2) the employees, managers, local communities and environment are placed in a explosive situation 3) it is one of the largest refineries located in the United States 4) BP settled a large lawsuit claiming that it had (1) failed to properly maintain huge storage tanks and (2) improperly falsify the maintenance records for those storage tanks a week prior to the explosion (Hosmer, 50) 5) the same isomerization tower that leaked the flammable gases to cause the March 23 explosion, had leaked those same gases eight times before 6) a blast had occurred at the same gas processing unit of Texas City refinery a year prior to the March 23 explosion 7) they were charged millions of dollars by the OSHA after determination hundreds of alleged safety violations in their facility 8) they falsely pledged to a long and intensive investigation to determine the cause of the explosion (Hosmer, 49) 9) they were trying to cut costs by 25 percent after realizing an after-tax profit of $15. 7 billion? Characterize the Moral Problem Why is this a moral problem? According to Hosmer, a moral problem is a situation in which the firms monetary performance and social per formance are in conflict (Hosmer, 55). To further elaborate, a moral problem can present itself when a company disregards the needs and rights of its stakeholders in the pursuit of profit and financial reward. These are the situations when some individuals or groups to whom the organization has some form of obligation, such as employees and customers, are going to be harmed while others will be benefitted.In considering the issue involving the explosion of the Texas City refinery, it is clear to see that BP disregards the rights of its employees, managers and local communities by continually operating grey-haired, unsafe and unmaintained systems (Wolf), in order to cut costs and reap a great financial reward. We can clearly see the direct relationship between the parties that have been harmed and denied their rights, as compared to those that are benefitted and profit from this decision, ultimately creating a conflict between financial and social performance. Thus, this issue is a moral issue. Define the kind of moral issue involved in the problem. To specify, the kind of moral issue present in the case is both a violation of jurist and rights.In terms of justice, the OSHA, a branch of the U. S government confirms that BP is in violation of fourteen standard operating procedures and hundreds of other safety violations. Moreover, a week prior to the explosion, BP settled a large California lawsuit as it claimed that it had failed to properly maintain storage tanks and improperly falsified the maintenance record for those storage tanks. With their decision to ignore maintenance, BP is breaking the federal law in order to increase profit and others are being harmed for it. Two cases of whistleblowing revealed that BP managers were ordered by senior officials to cut costs by 25 percent (Hosmer, 53).This is simply unfair for parties with close proximity to the case, such as the refinery staff, as they are unable to maintain a facility, which they know for certain , is dangerous with its interrelated valves, controls, tanks, flares and alarms- found to not have been working properly (Hosmer, 50). In terms of it being a rights issue, BP has violated several positive legal rights and laws. For example, BP initially places blame of the Texas City explosion on its workers for operational and supervisory mistakes (Hosmer, 50). By do this claim, BP is violating the positive legal right to adequate employee training. Furthermore, these very individuals working inside the BP refinery are denied the positive legal right to a safe working environment. The massive blast is, as determined a result of BPs ignorance of necessary repairs.Thus, BP is responsible for violating their employees positive legal right to work and provide for their families as well. Therefore, rights and justice are presented in this case. Due to the rights violated and lack of justice, this is definitely a moral problem. Determine the economic Outcomes The concept of Pareto Opti mality is key for determining the economic outcomes. Pareto Optimality refers to a condition in which the scare resources of companionship are being used so efficiently by the producing firms, and the goods and services are being distributed so efficaciously by the competitive markets, that it would be impossible to make any wizard person better off without harming some other person (Hosmer, 27).In order to achieve Pareto Optimality all markets must be competitive all customers and suppliers must be informed and all costs must be complicated. In the case of BPs Texas City refinery, the condition that states all internal and external costs must be included is violated. BP fails to have intercourse the costs necessary to maintain their facility, which results in the massive March 23 explosion. For example, when it was discovered that the same isomerization tower that leaked the flammable gases to cause the March 23 explosion, had leaked those same gases eight times before, all co sts to repair the facility were ignored and operations were continued as normal.In addition, BP fails to include the costs associated with the loss of employee wages caused by the destruction of the refinery and the costs of tarnishing the health reputation of local communities. While BP does recognize the costs to decrease their environmental impact and compensate for all victims, such expenditures only represent a small fragment of the total social and environmental damage caused by their operations. Also, all customers and suppliers are not informed of BPs practices, thus, they are in violation of another Pareto Optimality condition. Hosmer explains that all parties must be knowledgeable about the features of the products and standards of the company (Hosmer, 8).BP does not disclose all information regarding their products and standards, in fact, generates corrupt documents in the process. This was evident when BP attempted to forbear a large California lawsuit, in which they pleaded guilty to not properly maintaining, and falsifying the maintenance reports of huge storage tanks (dol. gov. com). Without all necessary information, parties cannot make rational choices and express true preferences. In this situation, we cannot take the action at law that will generate the greatest profit for the company because this will definitely not generate the greatest benefit for society since all costs are not included and all information is not available.This moral problem cannot be solved economically or by applying Pareto Optimality because human-well being is still being jeopardized for a marginal profit to BP, even when an after-tax profit of $15. 7 billion is realized. Consider the Legal Requirements The law in a democratic society is the minimum collective standard that we hold people responsible to. In this case, the laws that must be obeyed by BP and its operations are the United States government regulations imposed on petroleum industries. In the time le ading up to and following the devastative explosion, BP has failed to comply with a significant sum of legal requirements. In 2004, BP was cited for 14 alleged violations of standard operating procedures at their Texas City refinery.In September 2005, sevener months after the explosion central to this case, the OSHA found hundreds of safety violations that it called egregious and willful (Hosmer, 50). Not only was BP in violation of their legal operational rights, they also denied their staff the legal right to a safe work environment. However, since the outbreak of BPs actions, the U. S government has been active in ensuring that all legal requirements are met. pursual the September 2005 report, the OSHA levied a record size fine of $21. 4 million on BP. Also imposed, was a three-year probationary period in which BP had to request permission from the agency before starting up old refinery units and report all accidents and injuries, regardless of cause, to the agency on a regula r basis (Hosmer, 51).Now, although the OSHA was able to bring some positive change, there are still problems with the law relevant to the case. Initially, the aforementioned government agency lacked adequate information to impose the necessary regulations upon BP that would force them to maintain their facilities properly. Due to the fact that BP was falsifying their maintenance reports and managing to stay clear of the media, it was not until a series of in-depth investigations after the Texas City incident that the OSHA was able to reveal the companys maintenance fraud. The legal information observed in this case tends to lag hobo the necessary regulations and moral standards of society, proving that the law is flawed by extended delays.Due to the missing adequate information and lengthy delays, simply obeying the law will not solve the moral problem. The government takes action after investigating the cause, which is not up to par with societys needs especially when human well being is being jeopardized. Even with federal regulations in place, in 2006, BP caused the largest oil spill on the North monger of Alaska because their major pipeline was found to have been poorly maintained, to be badly rusted, and to require total deputy (Hosmer, 52). BP is operating against the law, even though they possess adequate information on their social and environmental consequences. The government regulations such as the $21.4 million fine as observed in the case, are much more a minor matter for BP, who had reported an after-tax profit of $15. 7 billion (Hosmer, 50). Thus, the law cannot be used to solve this moral problem as BP is both lawful and immoral. Evaluate the Ethical Duties In order to propose a solution to a moral dilemma as such, it is crucial to analyze the ethical duties of BP and the various ethical theories that apply. First, the principle of Personal Virtues comes in to play. It implies that one should never take any decision or action that is not open, ingenuous and truthful, and one that you would feel proud to see widely reported (Hosmer, 99). It is clear that BPs actions have directly violated this principle.Their decision to knowingly delay the maintenance of their disputable facility without informing many key stakeholders is definitely not open. BP also settled a lawsuit in which they falsified the maintenance records for storage tanks (Hosmer, 50), which is neither honest nor truthful. The key stakeholders in the case, such as the management of the refinery have not been open, honest and truthful, thus, cannot be proud of their decisions. This is seen in a two cases of whistleblowing where a manager of the Texas City refinery claimed that he had been ordered to cut costs by 25 percent in early 2005 and another BP executive had been directed to keep his maintenance expenditures low (Hosmer, 53).Since both of these members of the BP Company were laid off following the press release, it is clear that BP did not need t he leaked information widely reported. Therefore, BP violates the principle of Personal Virtues. Moving on, the theory of utilitarian Benefits is one that takes an instrumental approach, assigning costs and benefits to an outcome. It states that one should never take any decision or action that does not generate greater benefits than harms for the society of which you are a part (Hosmer, 99). Based on the classical version of theory, from which, actions are judged solely in terms of their consequences, BP is in serious violation. Their decision to ignore maintenance requirements and operate under dangerouscircumstances leads to a massive blast that has virtually no benefits for the society, other than the fact that BP is provided with an opportunity to rebuild a safer, more secure facility. This benefit is very minute of arc so we can assign it a 4 out of 10. Diametrically, the aforementioned decision creates numerous harms to society such as 15 deaths and over 170 injuries major e nvironmental damage loss of jobs and much more. Being of such importance, it is only fitting that we assign these outcomes with higher values such as 10,8 and 7 out of 10, respectively. Adding up the scores for the benefits and harms, we clearly see that the harms outweigh the benefits, thus, there is overwhelming evidence to sympathise the Utilitarian Benefits principle is violated.Furthermore, the principle of Universal Duties implies that you should never take any decision or action that you would not be wiling to see others, faced with the same or a closely similar situation, be free and even encourage to take (Hosmer, 99). In the case of BP, their actions directly defy the categorical crying of the Universalizability Principle, which implies that you should act only according to the maxim you are willing to universalize. If BP universalized their behaviour of ignoring maintenance requirements in oil refineries or their disregard to employee safety and well-being, several cata strophic industrial incidents could occur causing deaths, injuries, environmental damage and an overall decrease in the quality of life.In fact, universalizing this behaviour would be self-defeating as the lack of clean water and resources would hinder the growth of petroleum industries. Looking at the Respect version of the categorical imperative, it is clear that BP is once again in violation. The principle explains how one should use humans always as an end and never as a manner only (Hosmer, 96). The BP Company uses their employees as merely a means to an end by ordering them to carry out duties within the refinery. Given the numerous risks present in the workplace, the workers are treated as objects with very little care and value, useful only in achieving the companys aim. BP does not abide with the both aspects of the categorical imperative therefore, it violates the Universal Duties principle.Another ethical duty value evaluation is the principle of Distributive Justice. T his theory mentions that moral standards are based on the primacy of a single value, justice, and that everyone should act to ensure a more equitable distribution of benefits and burdens, because this promotes individual self respect, essential for cooperation (Hosmer, 100). This theory, unalike the others, is hypothetical and teleological. If we were to conduct a thought experiment, whereby we imagine ourselves in the original position behind the cloak of ignorance, it is clear that BPs actions violate the Difference principle. Behind the veil of ignorance, we are unaware of our socioeconomic status.However, we are in the original position, which means we are interested in ourselves and those that who we care about to succeed thus, we would want benefits and burdens to be distributed equitably, as we do not know which party we belong to. The least advantaged members of the society include the workers of the BP refinery since they earn low labour wages, taking orders from BP manage rs and senior officials. With BPs decision to ignore the gas leaks, rusty pipelines and delay future maintenance of their refinery, high proximity employees are placed in a very volatile situation. They can very possibly encounter life-threatening injuries or death.BPs actions fail to benefit the least advantaged members of society, which is unfair. Consequently, BP is not acting in their right moral duty. Moreover, the decision to delay maintenance destroys the BP refinery and does not provide the workers with increased employment (or any employment for that matter). Due to the facts outlined, the social and economic inequalities created through BPs amoral actions are not justified. By means of a though experiment, it is evident that an equitable distribution of benefits and burdens is one that benefits the least advantaged members of society. The final ethical duty is Contributive Liberty or Libertarianism.In the same way, it explains that moral standards are based on the primacy of a single value, which is liberty, and that everyone should act to ensure greater freedom of choice as this promotes market exchange, essential for social productivity (Hosmer, 100). Applying this theory, it becomes clear that BPs actions are in violation with this principle. A few stakeholders, such as employees have their negative rights violated with the explosion, as they are unable to work and earn wages in a dangerous facility lacking maintenance repairs. More importantly, they are not ensured greater freedom of choice because even though they can see the flaws located in the refinery, they must proceed with the instructions from management. In the same way, the management is also denied a freedom to maintain the facility as they are ordered to cut costs by 25 percent or otherwise, risk losing their positions.By suppressing the freedom of these two stakeholders, BP is liable for the massive blast which shuts down the supply of BP petroleum and gas products ultimately, obstru cting efficient market exchange and violating the principle of Contributive Liberty. Propose and Defend a Solution afterward determining the economic outcomes, considering the legal requirements and evaluating the ethical duties, it is appropriate to make my recommendation. My proposed solution to BPs moral problem is to make its most disadvantaged stakeholders better off and implement an Employee Workplace Evaluation Program as a part of BPs regular operations. It is important to note that this case has already been solved lawfully through BP being sued, fined and placed on a probationary period, however, it does not help the moral situation as the law cannot solve anything morally.BP is already mitigating its environmental impact through financial compensation, but my solution involves them to start by personally apologizing to each and every family they have harmed through the explosion of the refinery. Next, BP needs to work with local communities to provide long-term health c are, food and other services to those families that have either lost or suffered an injury to an earning loved one. In my opinion, this is the least a multi-billion dollar oil corporation can do to begin righting its amoral actions. The second step in my solution entails BP implementing an Employee Workplace Evaluation Program or EWEP, with overview from government authorities (OSHA).This will give the workers inside BP facilities an opportunity to report on various aspects of their job such as the safety of the equipment specific work instructions from their boss any hazardous occurrences (regardless of magnitude) all of which, are relevant to the cause of the March 23 explosion. With the use of an EWEP, all information is openly available, honest and truthful from the employees perspective, thus conforming to principle of Personal Virtues. The solution also holds true for Utilitarian Benefits as the benefits of helping families recover from devastation and ensuring the future safe ty of employees, greatly outweighs the harms. Finally, by providing employees with the freedom of speech, BP will be able to align with the principle of Contributive Liberty and create more secure and racy work environments.